NASA Surface meteorology and Solar Energy

NASA Surface meteorology and Solar Energy - Moscow

Latitude 56 / Longitude 38 was chosen.

**Monthly Averaged Solar Noon (GMT time)**
Lat 56 Lon 38	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Average	0938	0943	0937	0929	0925	0928	0935	0933	0924	0914	0913	0921

**Monthly Averaged Sunset Hour Angle (degrees)**
Lat 56 Lon 38	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Average	55.7	70.9	87.3	104	120	129	125	111	94.6	77.2	60.8	51.2

**Monthly Averaged Maximum Solar Angle Relative To The Horizon (degrees)**
Lat 56 Lon 38	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Average	13.2	21.6	32.1	43.7	52.8	57.0	55.2	47.7	37.0	25.5	15.8	11.1

**Monthly Averaged Radiation Incident On An Equator-Pointed Tilted Surface (kWh/m²/day)**
Lat 56 Lon 38	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Annual Average
SSE HRZ	0.65	1.46	2.71	3.88	5.27	5.40	5.36	4.26	2.68	1.47	0.76	0.45	2.87
K	0.42	0.48	0.49	0.47	0.50	0.47	0.49	0.47	0.42	0.38	0.40	0.39	0.45
Diffuse	0.43	0.85	1.46	2.04	2.58	2.76	2.63	2.23	1.49	0.87	0.50	0.31	1.52
Direct	1.30	2.30	3.33	3.87	5.06	4.83	5.04	4.06	2.84	1.98	1.35	0.99	3.08
Tilt 0	0.65	1.45	2.68	3.86	5.29	5.46	5.37	4.27	2.63	1.44	0.75	0.45	2.87
Tilt 41	1.32	2.39	3.61	4.34	5.28	5.13	5.22	4.54	3.24	2.14	1.38	1.00	3.30
Tilt 56	1.44	2.52	3.63	4.15	4.84	4.64	4.72	4.26	3.19	2.22	1.49	1.12	3.19
Tilt 71	1.49	2.52	3.48	3.77	4.28	4.05	4.15	3.83	2.98	2.18	1.52	1.16	2.95
Tilt 90	1.43	2.33	3.04	3.09	3.33	3.10	3.18	3.07	2.54	1.97	1.44	1.13	2.47
OPT	1.49	2.54	3.64	4.36	5.52	5.53	5.54	4.61	3.24	2.22	1.52	1.17	3.45
OPT ANG	72.0	63.0	50.0	34.0	20.0	11.0	17.0	27.0	43.0	58.0	69.0	75.0	44.8

NOTE:

Diffuse radiation, direct normal radiation and tilted surface radiation are not calculated when the clearness index (K) is below 0.3 or above 0.8.

**Minimum Available Insolation Over A Consecutive-day Period (%)**
Lat 56 Lon 38	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Min/1 day	7.69	2.73	5.90	9.79	10.2	4.81	8.02	4.91	5.59	2.04	2.63	48.8
Min/3 day	52.8	31.7	29.0	21.5	17.0	15.7	30.7	31.4	27.9	32.8	24.1	68.1
Min/7 day	59.7	49.8	57.6	49.7	51.5	50.4	52.6	39.6	43.5	37.9	42.6	74.9
Min/14 day	68.2	60.6	70.5	57.6	65.4	63.7	69.0	61.2	48.6	43.9	58.6	78.5
Min/21 day	76.1	73.5	74.6	69.3	72.0	69.3	76.1	68.9	57.7	63.4	66.4	82.3
Min/Month	90.7	86.3	83.0	84.7	84.6	74.6	86.3	84.0	62.6	80.9	76.3	86.6

**Equivalent Number Of NO-SUN Or BLACK Days (days)**
Lat 56 Lon 38	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
1 day	0.92	0.97	0.94	0.90	0.89	0.95	0.91	0.95	0.94	0.97	0.97	0.51
3 day	1.41	2.04	2.12	2.35	2.48	2.52	2.07	2.05	2.16	2.01	2.27	0.95
7 day	2.81	3.51	2.96	3.52	3.38	3.46	3.31	4.22	3.95	4.34	4.01	1.75
14 day	4.44	5.51	4.12	5.93	4.84	5.07	4.33	5.43	7.19	7.85	5.78	3.00
21 day	5.01	5.55	5.31	6.43	5.86	6.43	5.01	6.52	8.88	7.67	7.05	3.71
Month	2.86	3.83	5.26	4.56	4.76	7.61	4.22	4.93	11.1	5.90	7.10	4.13

**Available Surplus Insolation Over A Consecutive-day Period (%)**
Lat 56 Lon 38	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Max/1 day	208	197	192	184	161	159	159	179	207	243	230	164
Max/3 day	195	184	178	171	155	155	150	169	193	217	211	154
Max/7 day	177	165	169	146	150	146	145	154	180	191	182	137
Max/14 day	146	136	146	145	130	137	125	134	138	159	148	126
Max/21 day	134	123	133	124	119	131	119	130	131	147	128	121
Max/Month	117	113	118	112	116	125	116	123	113	129	118	113

**Monthly Averaged Air Temperature At 10 m Above The Surface Of The Earth (°C)**
Lat 56 Lon 38	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Annual Average
22-year Average	-9.1	-9.18	-4.26	4.66	12.1	16.8	19.0	16.8	11.1	4.47	-3.92	-8.55	4.26
Minimum	-12.6	-13.0	-8.36	0.33	7.02	11.9	14.4	12.6	7.69	2.10	-6.41	-11.8	0.40
Maximum	-5.75	-5.61	-0.4	8.82	16.9	21.1	23.1	20.7	14.5	7.03	-1.55	-5.43	7.89

**Monthly Averaged Wind Speed At 10 m Above The Surface Of The Earth For Terrain Similar To Airports (m/s)**
Lat 56 Lon 38	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Annual Average
10-year Average	3.00	3.00	3.04	3.02	2.96	2.74	2.75	2.95	3.13	3.06	2.88	2.91	2.95

It is recommended that users of these wind data review the SSE Methodology. The user may wish to correct for biases as well as local effects within the selected grid region.

All height measurements are from the soil, water, or ice/snow surface instead of "effective" surface, which is usually taken to be near the tops of vegetated canopies.

Monthly Averaged Wind Speed For Several Vegetation And Surface Types (m/s)
***Height*** 100 meters
Lat 56 Lon 38	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Annual Average
35-m broadleaf-evergreen trees (70% coverage)	5.26	5.26	5.33	5.29	5.19	4.80	4.82	5.16	5.48	5.36	5.04	5.09	5.17
20-m broadleaf-deciduous trees (75% coverage)	4.80	4.84	4.94	4.93	4.91	4.64	4.72	4.99	5.18	5.00	4.67	4.69	4.86
20-m broadleaf and needleleaf trees (75% coverage)	5.41	5.26	5.18	5.07	4.91	4.51	4.52	4.95	5.33	5.32	5.07	5.20	5.06
17-m needleleaf-evergreen trees (75% coverage)	5.11	4.97	4.94	4.83	4.77	4.45	4.49	4.82	5.11	5.03	4.76	4.88	4.85
14-m needleleaf-deciduous trees (50% coverage)	5.04	4.97	4.97	4.86	4.77	4.39	4.40	4.85	5.29	5.25	4.93	4.95	4.89
Savanna:18-m broadleaf trees (30%) & groundcover	5.04	5.04	5.11	5.07	4.98	4.61	4.62	4.95	5.26	5.14	4.83	4.88	4.96
0.6-m perennial groundcover (100%)	4.58	4.58	4.64	4.60	4.52	4.18	4.19	4.49	4.77	4.66	4.38	4.43	4.50
0.5-m broadleaf shrubs (variable %) & groundcover	4.58	4.58	4.64	4.60	4.52	4.18	4.19	4.49	4.77	4.66	4.38	4.43	4.50
0.5-m broadleaf shrubs (10%) with bare soil	4.58	4.58	4.64	4.60	4.52	4.18	4.19	4.49	4.77	4.66	4.38	4.43	4.50
Tundra: 0.6-m trees/shrubs (variable %) & groundcover	4.58	4.58	4.64	4.60	4.52	4.18	4.19	4.49	4.77	4.66	4.38	4.43	4.50
Rough bare soil	4.42	4.42	4.48	4.44	4.36	4.04	4.05	4.34	4.61	4.50	4.23	4.28	4.35
Crop: 20-m broadleaf-deciduous trees (10%) & wheat	4.61	4.67	4.51	4.86	4.77	4.42	4.43	4.75	5.04	4.86	4.51	4.49	4.66
Rough glacial snow/ice	4.84	4.77	4.73	4.63	4.55	4.21	4.22	4.52	4.87	4.86	4.60	4.69	4.62
Smooth sea ice	4.30	4.21	4.18	4.06	3.99	3.69	3.70	4.05	4.39	4.41	4.15	4.19	4.11
Open water	4.07	4.07	4.12	4.09	4.01	3.71	3.72	3.99	4.24	4.14	3.90	3.94	4.00
"Airport": flat rough grass	4.21	4.21	4.27	4.23	4.16	3.85	3.86	4.13	4.39	4.29	4.03	4.08	4.14

**Monthly Averaged Relative Humidity (%)**
Lat 56 Lon 38	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Annual Average
22-year Average	83.5	81.8	79.9	69.6	57.4	60.4	61.3	62.2	68.8	79.3	83.3	83.2	72.5

**Monthly Averaged Total Column Precipitable Water (cm)**
Lat 56 Lon 38	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Annual Average
22-year Average	0.65	0.62	0.70	1.07	1.50	2.14	2.48	2.21	1.70	1.26	0.87	0.68	1.32