NASA Surface meteorology and Solar Energy

**Monthly Averaged Maximum Solar Angle Relative To The Horizon (degrees)**
Lat 53 Lon 84	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Average	16.2	24.6	35.1	46.7	55.8	60.0	58.2	50.7	40.0	28.5	18.8	14.1

**Monthly Averaged Radiation Incident On An Equator-Pointed Tilted Surface (kWh/m²/day)**
Lat 53 Lon 84	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Annual Average
SSE HRZ	0.93	1.83	3.20	4.45	5.46	6.07	5.85	4.91	3.26	1.94	1.08	0.71	3.31
K	0.46	0.51	0.54	0.52	0.51	0.52	0.53	0.53	0.48	0.45	0.45	0.44	0.49
Diffuse	0.58	1.01	1.61	2.05	2.53	2.75	2.63	2.21	1.63	1.06	0.66	0.46	1.60
Direct	1.69	2.76	3.94	4.77	5.25	5.79	5.69	5.10	3.65	2.65	1.82	1.40	3.71
Tilt 0	0.92	1.81	3.17	4.43	5.48	6.09	5.88	4.87	3.20	1.90	1.05	0.71	3.30
Tilt 38	1.67	2.82	4.17	4.99	5.45	5.79	5.70	5.24	3.93	2.76	1.80	1.39	3.81
Tilt 53	1.82	2.99	4.21	4.79	5.03	5.21	5.19	4.95	3.89	2.86	1.94	1.53	3.70
Tilt 68	1.88	2.99	4.05	4.36	4.44	4.54	4.54	4.42	3.67	2.83	1.99	1.60	3.44
Tilt 90	1.78	2.71	3.45	3.44	3.28	3.27	3.30	3.38	3.02	2.51	1.85	1.54	2.79
OPT	1.88	3.01	4.22	5.00	5.68	6.19	6.02	5.30	3.94	2.87	1.99	1.60	3.98
OPT ANG	69.0	61.0	49.0	33.0	18.0	13.0	15.0	28.0	42.0	57.0	66.0	72.0	43.4

**Minimum Available Insolation Over A Consecutive-day Period (%)**
Lat 53 Lon 84	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Min/1 day	16.1	10.9	20.3	14.8	12.4	13.5	15.3	5.70	14.1	2.06	4.62	5.63
Min/3 day	32.6	45.5	43.8	33.6	34.1	45.2	23.3	25.0	33.2	18.2	42.5	41.7
Min/7 day	51.9	51.5	56.6	59.4	55.6	58.5	56.1	47.7	46.9	47.6	59.7	65.3
Min/14 day	62.8	67.0	69.5	77.2	72.2	64.7	64.4	68.5	61.4	61.4	70.9	74.0
Min/21 day	65.5	69.3	73.0	75.7	79.6	69.7	69.2	72.5	69.4	73.7	77.9	82.4
Min/Month	84.9	82.5	82.8	83.8	84.7	78.4	80.0	89.4	82.5	80.4	81.4	87.3

**Equivalent Number Of NO-SUN Or BLACK Days (days)**
Lat 53 Lon 84	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
1 day	0.83	0.89	0.79	0.85	0.87	0.86	0.84	0.94	0.85	0.97	0.95	0.94
3 day	2.02	1.63	1.68	1.99	1.97	1.64	2.30	2.24	2.00	2.45	1.72	1.74
7 day	3.36	3.39	3.03	2.84	3.10	2.90	3.06	3.65	3.71	3.66	2.81	2.42
14 day	5.20	4.61	4.26	3.18	3.89	4.92	4.97	4.39	5.39	5.39	4.06	3.63
21 day	7.23	6.44	5.65	5.08	4.27	6.36	6.45	5.75	6.42	5.50	4.62	3.69
Month	4.66	4.89	5.32	4.85	4.71	6.47	6.20	3.28	5.24	6.07	5.55	3.92

**Monthly Averaged Frequency Of Clear Skies At Indicated GMT Times (%)**
Lat 53 Lon 84	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
< 10% @0	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	21.4	25.1	27.4	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
< 10% @3	n/a	14.4	13.3	14.3	17.3	25.1	29.1	29.0	20.0	15.5	n/a	n/a
< 10% @6	8.36	12.7	11.8	10.0	13.3	20.6	21.2	21.7	21.0	14.6	12.1	12.4
< 10% @9	n/a	9.00	9.38	6.21	8.94	15.4	14.0	16.4	18.1	15.2	n/a	n/a
< 10% @12	n/a	n/a	n/a	15.9	15.6	21.5	19.0	21.4	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
< 10% @15	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
< 10% @18	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
< 10% @21	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a

**Monthly Averaged Frequency Of Broken-cloud Skies At Indicated GMT Times (%)**
Lat 53 Lon 84	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
10 - 70% @0	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	33.0	28.4	32.2	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
10 - 70% @3	n/a	36.2	39.5	25.4	23.4	23.6	25.5	23.6	21.9	20.6	n/a	n/a
10 - 70% @6	29.6	35.8	34.6	23.0	18.4	18.4	22.8	20.6	15.3	18.3	27.2	29.3
10 - 70% @9	n/a	36.9	38.4	25.4	20.5	20.0	24.7	21.9	15.9	11.8	n/a	n/a
10 - 70% @12	n/a	n/a	n/a	23.5	23.7	23.1	27.1	28.7	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
10 - 70% @15	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
10 - 70% @18	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
10 - 70% @21	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a

**Monthly Averaged Frequency Of Near-overcast Skies At Indicated GMT Times (%)**
Lat 53 Lon 84	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
>= 70% @0	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	45.6	46.3	40.3	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
>= 70% @3	n/a	49.2	47.0	60.1	59.2	51.2	45.3	47.3	58.0	63.8	n/a	n/a
>= 70% @6	62.0	51.4	53.5	66.9	68.1	60.9	55.8	57.6	63.6	67.0	60.6	58.2
>= 70% @9	n/a	54.0	52.2	68.3	70.5	64.5	61.1	61.5	65.9	72.8	n/a	n/a
>= 70% @12	n/a	n/a	n/a	60.5	60.5	55.3	53.8	49.8	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
>= 70% @15	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
>= 70% @18	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
>= 70% @21	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a

**Monthly Averaged Air Temperature At 10 m Above The Surface Of The Earth (°C)**
Lat 53 Lon 84	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Annual Average
22-year Average	-13.7	-12.8	-7.58	1.69	12.7	17.8	20.4	18.0	11.0	3.47	-6.28	-12.1	2.81
Minimum	-17.4	-17.0	-12.8	-3.11	7.44	12.1	15.2	13.0	6.78	0.48	-9.56	-15.6	-1.62
Maximum	-10.4	-8.69	-2.94	6.00	18.1	23.0	25.6	23.0	15.2	6.69	-3.21	-8.76	7.08

**Monthly Averaged Wind Speed At 10 m Above The Surface Of The Earth For Terrain Similar To Airports (m/s)**
Lat 53 Lon 84	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Annual Average
10-year Average	4.01	3.56	3.46	3.51	3.44	3.00	2.82	3.06	3.29	3.64	4.00	4.11	3.49

It is recommended that users of these wind data review the SSE Methodology. The user may wish to correct for biases as well as local effects within the selected grid region.

All height measurements are from the soil, water, or ice/snow surface instead of "effective" surface, which is usually taken to be near the tops of vegetated canopies.

Lat 53 Lon 84	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Average	0634	0639	0633	0625	0621	0624	0631	0629	0620	0610	0609	0617